


Gender Nonconformity and Transgender Mental Health
Gender nonconformity is the expression of gender characteristics that are socially
and culturally associated with the opposite sex. Gender roles, femininity, and
masculinity are concepts that have social and cultural meaning and agreement.
Because male gender roles and masculinity are culturally more restrictive than
femininity (women can wear pants, but men can't wear skirts) gender
nonconformity (femininity) in boys, whether straight or gay, is often treated as more
serious and results in stronger rejection compared with gender nonconformity
(masculinity) in girls. Gay, Lesbian, bisexual and transgender youth and adults,
who express gender-atypical characteristics, are more apt to be targeted for
hostility and discrimination.
Compared with gender-conforming men or women, who express strong gender
roles, gender identification, including fathering/mothering, and investment in power
and social hierarchies, gender-atypical men, women, gays, Lesbians, and
especially transgender folk, experience the following:
- More childhood trauma and sexual abuse
- More verbal and physical abuse
- Raped by relatives and/or lovers more frequently
- More experiences with harassment and bi/homo/transophobia
- Higher levels of mental distress
- Higher levels of parental and peer rejection
- Higher levels of fear and attachment anxiety
- Higher risk of eating disorders
- Higher body dissatisfaction
- Higher suicide attempts
- Feeling different, lonely, depressed, stressed, and victimized
- Loss of social support
- Lower self-esteem
To protect themselves, boys, especially, are conditioned and learn to "pass" within
the construction of socially defined gender expression. Those who don't "pass" are
more likely to be afflicted with parental discouragement, self-esteem issues, social
rejection, harassment, hostility, abuse, and even death.
The experience of gender nonconformity, sexism, and homophobia, listed above
may result in unresolved trauma, PTSD, generalized anxiety, relationship fears, or
ineffective coping mechanisms. In counseling, it is important to pay attention to
gender expression and its psychosocial consequences. Childhood gender
nonconformity appears to play a role in the long term-mental health issues for
men, especially gay men and male-to-female (M-to-F) trangender women. Gender
affirming and supportive counseling is an important adjunct to a healthy and
positive life.
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GLOW Counseling
Moshe Rozdzial, LPC
Denver, Colorado
Growth, Liberation, Opportunity & Well-being
Psychotherapy for emotional, sexual, spiritual, and mental health
Gender Non-conformity and Transgender Mental Health
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"youth and adults, who express gender-atypical characteristics, are more apt to be targeted for hostility and discrimination"
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